It has been argued that a culture that lacks its original language is unsustainable. The ability to converse in one's indigenous language is not widespread among New York's First Nations. Despite this immeasurable loss, these nations continue to maintain their distinct cultural integrity.

SECTION IV:  A PERSISTENT AND ARTICULATE VOICE

Through an alternate vocabulary that includes dance, ceremony, and the visual arts foundational values, history, and stories of adaptation and determination are preserved, renewed, and communicated. But the strongest and most consistent message in each of these expressions is one of undeniable contemporary presence.